Process theories of motivation stars university of. Motivation is the process that account for an individuals intensity, direction and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal. The content theories of motivation in a historical perspective, the content theories tend to be the earliest theories of motivation or later modifications of early theories. A process theory define motivation as a rational cognitive process occurring within the individual e.
Earlier, it was discussed that theories of motivation, dealing with content, seek to find what it is that. Doc theories of motivation content and process theories the. As youll see later in this chapter, we have since developed more valid explanations of motivation, but you should know these early theories for at least two reasons. Motivation is the result of the interaction between an individual and a situation. Sometimes financial rewards motivate people and sometimes it is just an inner drive to make a difference. Process theories of motivation how personal needs drive. Process theories try to explain how people initiate, direct and maintain their.
The content theories are concerned with identifying the needs that people have and how needs are prioritized. Victor vrooms 1964 expectancy theory aims to explain how people choose from the available actions. The diagonal model of job satisfaction and motivation. Simply stated, employees have needs, and process theories seek to. Content theory explains why human needs change with time. While on the other hand, a content theory define motivation in terms of need satisfaction, e. So if one person is getting too little from the relationship, then clearly they are going to be unhappy with this but it is also likely that the other person will also be feeling rather. Motivation is generally understood as the drive or the desire to do things. Theories of motivation and their application in organizations. Process theories attempt to identify the relationship among the dynamic variables, which make up motivation. The equity theory process theories explain how satisfaction comes about, as opposed to what causes.
Process and content theory of motivation and how they. Start studying content and process theories of motivation. A risk analysis 47 namely, relatedness being esteemsocial needs, then growth being selfactualization and existence which is securityphysiological needs. As we have previously discussed, reward is one of the key elements for a persons motivation, however, there too is a catch.
Describe a content theory of motivation, and compare and contrast the main content theories of motivation. Motivation theories can be classified broadly into two different perspectives. Process theories of motivation adams equity theory at a basic level, most people generally prefer to be in relationships where give and take are about equal. Chapter 5 contemporary theories of motivation integrating. Introduction to motivational theory, content theory and process.
Drivereduction theory when the instinct theory of motivation failed to explain most human motivation, it was replaced by the drivereduction theory. We can also have process theories, which are concerned with the thought processes that influence our behaviour. Motivation is a process that starts with a physiological or psychological need that. They explain the specific factors that motivate behavior. Adams equity show more content an example is that an employee with large income is less likely to be motivated by money, and will be highly motivated by career development and social needs. Process theories of motivation linkedin slideshare. Content and process theories of motivation youtube. Content theories focus on what, while process theories focus on how human behaviour is motivated. Motivation process is universal, all people are motivated to pursue goals they value. Therefore, the managers should understand the process of motivation. During the process of refining and extending maslows theory, alderfer provided another needbased theory and a somewhat more useful perspective on motivation. These theories focus on the mechanism by which we choose a target, and the effort that we exert to hit the target. The distinction between content and process theories. Process cognitive theories of motivation 1 reinforcement theory argues that the behaviour that results in rewarding consequences is likely to be repeated.
A classic taxonomy of motivation theories is to group them into two main sets. Content theories deal with what motivates people and it is concerned with individual needs and goals. Pdf comparison of process theories to content theories in. Content theories attempt to explain those specific things, which actually motivate the individual at work. There could be a switch in focus from intrinsic to extrinsic motivation. Equity theory, expectancy theory and the porterlawler model comes under the process theories of motivation. None of these theories have been conclusively shown to be. Content theory or need theory can be identified as the earliest theories related with the concept of motivation. Within the work environment they have had the greatest impact on management practice and policy, whilst within academic circles they are the least accepted. Content and process theories of motivation free essay example. The process theories on the other hand explore how behavior is caused, sustained or stopped by the motivational factors. The work motivation theories can be broadly classified as content theories and process theories. The expectancy theory according to yale business professor victor vroom, motivation is the result of conscious choices we make that will either maximize pleasure or minimize pain. Nov 08, 2014 content theory mcgregors theory x and theory y theory x.
Essay about process and content theory of motivation and how. Jan 16, 2018 process theories deal with the process of motivation and are concerned with how motivation occurs. Process theories of motivation organizational behavior. Vroom theorized that even though the goals of individuals may differ, they can be motivated to act together toward a common goal if certain circumstances are put in. Adam talks of three kinds of exchange relationships, where in the equal one, the strongest motivation can be.
In a historical perspective, the content theories tend to be the earliest theories of motivation or later modifications of early theories. Content and process theories of motivation quizlet. Expectancy theory is a theory first developed by victor vroom in 1964 and later developed by. Oct 26, 2014 content theory vs process theory difference between content theory and process theory is that, content theory emphasizes on the reasons for changing the human needs frequently while process theory focuses on the psychological processes which affect motivation, with regard to the expectations, goals, and perceptions of equity.
These theories are more concerned with how behavior is initiated, directed and sustained. Where the content theories focus on the question of what motivates, the process theories address more the matters relating to how the process works and sustains itself over time, such as the aspects that determine the degree of effort. The process of motivation, involves choosing between alternative forms of actions in order to achieve some desired end or goal. The strength and weaknesses of content and process. Employees can view work as natural, are creative, can be selfmotivated, and appreciate responsibility erg theory motivation hygiene theory mcclellands theory of needs 9. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
Difference between content theory and process theory. Content theories of motivation are one of the types of motivation theory. Process theories place emphasis on the actual process of motivation. Process theories of motivation try to explain why behaviors are initiated. In the field of organizational behavioral studies, there are two different categories called content theories also known as need theory and process theories. Process theories of motivation written by marla rosen thursday, 05 may 2011 10.
It outlines the reasons for motivating an individual. Porterlawler theory is similar to the expectancy theory of motivation in that they agree with the premise that an individual is motivated to complete an action based on what they expect to receive upon completion. Mar 11, 2016 process cognitive theories of motivation 1 reinforcement theory argues that the behaviour that results in rewarding consequences is likely to be repeated. Pdf motivation theories have been classified into process theory and content theory in the literature. Content theories of motivation principles of management. Jul 09, 2017 the process theories mainly imply that individual choices are based on preferences, reward factors and sense of accomplishment.
What is the difference between the content and process. Whereas the content theories concentrate on the question of what motivates, the process theories address more the issues relating to how the process works and sustains itself over time, such as factors that determine the degree of effort, the continuation of effort, the modification of effort, etc. From a process theory perspective, if consequences of actions are perceived as good, one will repeat it, therefore leaders and. Maslow, alderfer, herzberg and mcclelland studied motivation from a content perspective. The works of skinner are cited most often in connection with the reinforcement theory. Content theories are the earliest theories of motivation. We will use here a modified version of this classification. People are driven by so many things by their passion, by the need for money or financial security and sometimes it is for the sake of recognition. Motivation theories are classified as either content or process. The expectancy theory places an emphasis on the process and on the content of motivation as well, and it integrates needs, equity and reinforcement theories. We have appreciated earlier the importance of motivation in determining human behaviour. These theories provide insight into what motivates people to act a certain way in a particular setting and are popular in business management.
944 1166 286 636 1487 407 538 47 853 1436 1040 221 574 1062 972 567 1418 413 609 972 357 236 619 762 854 399 918 1377 698 754 369 466 1121 853 889 605 379 551 1075